November 9, 1938–November 10, 1938
The November Pogrom
Historical context
On the night of 9–10 November 1938, Nazi leaders unleashed the November pogrom, known as Kristallnacht, across Germany, Austria, and the Sudetenland.
Archive record
Read the event, then follow its documented sources and archive threads.
- Date
- November 9, 1938–November 10, 1938
- Verified sources
- 1
- Archive threads
- 4
On the night of 9–10 November 1938, Nazi leaders set off a nationwide attack on Jews in Germany, which then included Austria and the Sudetenland. The assault is known as Kristallnacht, the Night of Broken Glass, and as the November pogrom. It followed the death that evening of diplomat Ernst vom Rath. Herschel Grynszpan had shot him in Paris on 7 November after German police expelled Grynszpan’s family to the Polish border.
USHMM records that the attackers burned more than 1,400 synagogues, vandalized thousands of Jewish-owned businesses, and broke into Jewish homes. German police imprisoned about 26,000 Jewish men in concentration camps. Hundreds of Jews died during the pogrom and in its aftermath, from injuries and from suicide.
Research trail
Sources and further reading
- Kristallnacht · United States Holocaust Memorial Museum · Holocaust Encyclopedia View source
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